Industrial Technology General Studies Associate in Applied Science (Associate in Applied Science, 2022-2023)

Health and safety hazards for working in the advanced technological workplace typically fall into one of six general categories as listed below:

1. Biological: This depends on the workplace itself, and can be related to the specific manufactured goods being produced that one may encounter biological hazards.
2. Chemical: This depends upon the workplace itself where fumes can be present as a result of manufacturing processes and procedures. Where Welding occurs fumes normally contain oxides of the materials being welded and of the electrodes being used. Care should be taken when working near these fumes as health effects can be both immediate, or occur at a later time. Welders also often work with and around:
   • Flammable and combustible liquids
   • Compressed gases
   • Asbestos
3. Ergonomic: Many injuries to industrial workers are the result of strains, sprains and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Industrial and technological service workers often have to:
   • Lift or move heavy objects.
   • Work in awkward positions for long periods of time.
   • Perform repetitive motions.
   • See OSHA answers document on welding - ergonomics for more information.
4. Physical: Industrial workers can be exposed to:
   • Excessive noise levels.
   • Excessive heat or cold.
   • Electromagnetic fields.
   • Laser light.
   • Radiation.
   • Welding arcs and flames can emit intense visible (VIS), ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation. Gamma- or x-rays can be emitted by inspection equipment or welding machines. Skin and eye damage such as welder's eye or cataracts can result to certain types of radiation.
5. Safety: Industrial workers including Welders often have to work:
   • At heights.
   • In confined spaces.
   • Could experience electrical shock or electrocution.
   • Other safety hazards include:
     • Flying particles which can enter the eye or skin.
     • Cuts and stabs from sharp metal edges.
     • Injury from other equipment (e.g., using power tools such as grinders, chippers, drills, etc.).
     • Slips, trips or falls due to location or environment near the job.
     • Burns from hot surfaces, flames, sparks, etc.
     • Fires from sparks, flames or hot metals (a special situation includes when the surrounding atmosphere becomes oxygen enriched and thus easier to ignite.) Fires may also result from flashbacks or equipment failure. Please note that clothes soiled with oils or grease can burn more easily. In addition, sleeves or cuffs that are folded or rolled up can catch sparks and increase the risk of fire.
6. Psychological: Work demands and deadlines may contribute to stress felt on the job. In addition, some industrial workers may be required to work shifts or extended work days which can have health effects.